Competitive Forces And Value Chain Models Information Technology Essay

Serious Forces And Value Chain Models Information Technology Essay All together for an organization to get by in its territory of business it must be better thought about than its rivals and consequently take a stab at upper hand. As per Bocij et al (2006 pg 57) upper hand is the point at which an association or business endeavors to be the market head in the zone they offer their business or administration. Upper hand can be accomplished by an association in an assortment of ways, for example, executing a portion of the accompanying procedures; rebuilding the business, procedures to lessen overheads, offer additional administrations to existing clients just as searching for new clients and continually taking a gander at the adjustments in the interior and outside condition and react to changes that may influence the organizations productivity. By actualizing a portion of these methods this will permit the association to build its benefit and increment its piece of the pie. For an organization to accomplish upper hand the association can be examined in two different ways. These two different ways are Porters Five Forces and The Value Chain Model. Both of these examination methods take a gander at various parts of the business. For this situation Panasonic will be broke down utilizing both of these methods. As per Laudon and Laudon (2005 pg 102) Michael Porter built up the five powers in 1979. Michael Porter says there are five powers that impact the upper hand of a firm. The five powers that that Michael Porter has concocted sees what impact the outside condition (full scale condition) has an effect on the inner condition (small scale condition). These are the five powers that Michael Porter thought of: Customary contenders each business has an offer in the market they have practical experience in. with this portion of the market the association builds up their image and personality and devise better approaches for offering additional administrations that different organizations in their market don't offer. This will draw in new clients so and the additional expense of this will be past on to existing clients. New market contestants this is the point at which an association or a unique individual can set up and offer an assistance or item that will have an enormous client base that is capable create productivity for offering a help or item. Substitute items these are elective items that are accessible available that individuals might be slanted to use as these items are less expensive contrasted with others. Clients an associations productivity is resolved how it keeps hold of existing clients and how it pulls in new clients. The client holds the key intensity of deciding how fruitful an association is as clients can without much of a stretch change to another brand if the present association doesn't match or beat the cost of the item or administration they are accepting. Providers the provider bigly affects how the finished result is advertised as the association can offer its item to the end client at a serious value contrasted with its adversaries. So if an association has more than one provider the association can have more power over the valuing of the item, renewal and accessibility. Above: shows Porters Five powers that influence the steadiness of an association and what are liable for any moves that might be made to maintain the association at an upper hand and keep it in benefit. The five powers are Traditional adversaries , Customers , Suppliers , New market contestants and Substitute items. (Basics of Management Information Systems Managing The Digital Firm, Laudon and Laudon 2005 pg 103) Worth Chain Model Laudon and Laudon (1995 pg 53) the Value Chain Model was created by Michael Porter in 1985. The Value Chain Model features explicit exercises inside the business where serious methodologies can be applied and where data frameworks are probably going to have a vital effect. The Value Chain Model recognizes exact, basic influence focuses where an association can utilize data innovation most adequately to expand its upper hand inside its piece of the overall industry. The expansion in the piece of the overall industry will permit the association to turn out to be progressively gainful, lessen working expenses and improve correspondence inside the association inside and remotely. The Value Chain Models takes a gander at an association as fundamental arrangement of chain exercises that increase the value of an organizations items or administrations. These exercises are classified in to two exercises. These exercises are known as Primary and bolster exercises. Essential exercises Laudon and Laudon (1995 pg 54) says the essential exercises of an association are identified with the creation and appropriation of the last item or administration that an association gives. Essential exercises incorporate inbound coordinations, activities, outbound coordinations, showcasing and deals and administration. Inbound coordinations incorporates the getting and putting away of materials prepared to disperse to the proper division for the final result to be mage. Activities make to the materials in to the last item. When the item has been made outbound coordinations appropriates the made items to the right arranging point. When the item has been arranged and put away deals and showcasing advance the associations items and sell them when they get orders for them. The administration action ensures that the associations items are fixed (when required) and are kept up to ensure any future issues (assuming any) cause the insignificant measure of disturbance. Bolster exercises Laudon and Laudon (1995 pg 54) to ensure that the Primary actives are conveyed to the best quality help exercises are set up to ensure the foundation is working. Bolster exercises incorporate organization and the board, HR, innovation and obtainment. Organization and the board is accountable for how the association capacities on an everyday premise and is responsible for how the association is organized. HR deal with the government assistance and advantages of the workers inside the association in wording recruiting, preparing and holding its representatives. Innovation permits the association to improve the creation of merchandise and obtainment underpins by buying inputs. Above: shows Porters Value Chain indicating the essential and auxiliary exercises of an association and which office increases the value of the organisation.(Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing The Digital Firm, Laudon and Laudon 2005 pg 96) Doormen Five powers: Panasonic examination Conventional contenders Since Panasonic was established in 1918 it has consistently become the biggest Japanese hardware producer. Panasonic proprietor Konosuke Matsushita first began the organization offering lights for bikes and afterward various to sell other electronic items. Later in 1961 in the wake of being rebranded under various names the Panasonic brand was framed in 1961 when it began the produce (TVs ) for the American market. From than it has gotten one of the most serious and driving organizations for innovative work in the electronic part. As the competiveness in the electronic part is so dependent on innovation it is significant for an associations to advance new thoughts in to items. Panasonic is situated in North America, Asia and Europe. As referenced before Panasonic has discovered accomplishment on the TV business. The worldwide marketing projections for Plasma TV s show that Panasonic ( 40.7%) is the main provider regarding transporting volume around the globe f irmly followed by Samsung on (33.7%), LG on (23.3 %) and different brands obliged for the (2%). (HDV TEST ,2011) New market contestants There is no danger of some other brand entering the market and become prevailing. This is because of the hindrance section arrangement of somebody entering the market with an item or administration. These two obstructions are known as high hindrance and low boundary passage items/administrations. High boundary administration/items is for top of the line items or administrations for instance on the off chance that someone needed to open another bank the invested individual should experience intense guideline and be endorsed and controlled by an outside firm for instance FSA to ensure they are working inside the rules set by the legislature. The other obstruction is known as low section boundary markets. This section hindrance is for a low passage item or administration. A case of this is in the event that someone needed to open a corner shop little government guideline is required and there is minimal set up costs. Alongside the hindrance passage framework the n ew participant must have the innovation know how that will permit them to build up their items further. Substitute items The danger from substitute items is genuinely low as individuals are increasingly disposed to utilize brands that they know about so in the event that they needed to switch brands for an option modest brand the expenses are low however they can be high on the off chance that they needed to change to a much elective brand, for example, Sony which is commonly observed progressively costly. Innovation can likewise be a factor for instance presently individuals can sit in front of the TV on cell phones and PCs. Another model is when Sony In 2005 Panasonic has responded well to change and improvement in innovation this was seen when Sony, Panasonic and Philips propelled Bluray innovation against the HD DVDs that were propelled by Toshiba, Microsoft and Hitachi. A great part of the achievement of the arrangement was subject to which retailers supported and promoted items their items. Clients Panasonic is a worldwide brand and is conspicuous everywhere throughout the world. It has posted good outcomes. In 2010 Panasonic posted the accompanying deals Japan 54% Asia 23% , North America 12 % and Europe 11% .(These figures oblige for Panasonic items as it were). As innovation advances Panasonic has stayed aware of the pace for instance 3D films delivered by Hollywood, for example, Avatar has empowered Panasonic to build up their 3D LCD TV that empowered them to acquire (50.5%) of the piece of the overall industry from 230,000 units s

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12

Political theory - Essay Example This paper evaluates the achievement and inadequacies of the Oslo procedure from the Israeli perspective. This will assist with learning exercises, which can be received in future political procedures among Israeli and Palestine. So as to survey the achievement and inadequacies of the Oslo procedure from the Israeli perspective, it is essential to think about the national objectives of Israel. As per Brom (92), the national objective of Israel is to have full Israel power over all pieces of the verifiable place that is known for Israel. Basing on this, it very well may be contended that the Oslo procedure fizzled, since it negated the principle national objective of the Israelis. This procedure at that point, as per Israelis, was defective. It was very evident that all together for the Oslo procedure to guarantee an understanding between the Israelis and Palestinians, the domain of the chronicled place that is known for Israelis must be separated between the Palestinians and Israelis. Moreover, the national vision of Israelis to guarantee the presence of Israel as a law based country condition of the Jewish individuals. In this way, Israel expected that any political procedure with Palestinians would be founded on their rule of two states for two people groups (Brom 93). Be that as it may, this vision is viewed as unreasonable, and today, Israel is far away from accomplishing this vision. In any case, the Oslo procedure bombed in closure the state of affairs. Today, Israel is as yet pushing towards the accomplishment of a bi-national state, as it despite everything holds the West Bank, and keeps on growing its settlement endeavor. The Oslo procedure didn't guarantee the security of Israel. During the procedure, Israel needed to take security dangers. For example, when Palestinian workers were permitted to work Israel, this was a security hazard to Israel (Brom 95). It is additionally accepted that the Oslo procedure urged the Palestinians to grasp brutality and oppose the control of Israeli through outfitted fights. In this way, the Oslo procedure gave the

Why Was Hitler Appointed Chancellor in January 1933 Free Essays

For what reason was Hitler named Chancellor in January 1933 On the 30th January 1933, one of the most significant occasions of the twentieth century happened, Adolf Hitler, pioneer of the Nazi Party, became Chancellor of Germany. From its establishments as a little, against socialist gathering in the consequence of World War I it was presently the main ideological group in Germany. Hitler would in the long run become Fuhrer and incite a subsequent universal war. We will compose a custom article test on Why Was Hitler Appointed Chancellor in January 1933 or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Hitler’s ascend to control depended on long haul factors and can not be credited to one occasion yet a blend of elements including occasions happening outside Germany, the qualities of the Nazi party, the shortcoming of different gatherings inside Germany, hatred in the German individuals, the shortcoming of the Weimar framework which he exploited through publicity, the dread of his tempest troopers and the fineness of his addresses. Hitler utilized these elements to his advantage and in 1933 he genuinely picked up capacity to become chancellor. November 1923 was when Hitler originally attempted to hold onto power in the Munich Putsch he walked to Berlin with his adherents to assume control over control however they never in reality left Munich. During this time 16 Nazi’s were killed and 3 police officers. Despite the fact that Hitler went to jail for this, he utilized this opportunity to direct his book ‘Mein Kampf’, he had show preliminaries which helped purposeful publicity and turned into a nearly superstar. Hitler was intended to be in prison for a long time, however was let out following 9 months. At this point he was at that point beginning to grab the eye of the open †a solid patriot pioneer spoke to them. In 1929 the American Stock Exchange crumbled and caused a financial downturn this was known as the Wall Street Crash and prompted America bringing in the entirety of its remote advances, which thusly obliterated Weimar Germany. Joblessness then rose to 6 million in Germany. The administration cut consumptions, wages and joblessness pay and they began to print more cash, at this point Germany was in a downright awful state and nobody knew how they would get themselves out of this groove. Numerous laborers went to socialism which unavoidably startled well off agents who ‘fueled the fire’ by giving Hitler the cash to run his purposeful publicity political races. Profound indignation about the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles made a hidden harshness to which Hitler’s violence and expansionism claimed. Nazi promulgation convinced the German masses to accept that the Jews were to be faulted and that Hitler was their last expectation. Indeed, there were numerous individuals in Germany who needed an arrival to tyranny. Hitler was a splendid speaker; he was a decent coordinator and government official. He was a determined, insecure man, who accepted that he had been called by God to become despot of Germany and rule the world. This propped him up when others may have surrendered. His self-conviction convinced individuals to trust in him. Purposeful publicity alone was an extremely significant factor in Hitler’s ascend to control, it ‘brainwashed’ the German individuals into choosing them through strategies of influence and strengthened existing mentalities and convictions. Marches, images, outfits, pennants, groups and the walking segments of the SA stood out and intrigue. Germans went to Nazism since they were edgy, the quantity of Nazi seats in the Reichstag rose from 12 out of 1928 to 230 in July 1932. In November 1932 decisions the Nazis again neglected to get a dominant part of seats in the Reichstag. A lot of the vote fell †from 230 seats to just 196. Franz von Papen who was the present Chancellor couldn't get enough help in the Reichstag, in this way Hindenburg and von Papen were administering by crisis order under Article 48 of the Constitution and offered Hitler the post of bad habit Chancellor on the off chance that he vowed to help them. Hitler declined †he requested to be made Chancellor, so Von Papen and Hindenburg faced a challenge accepting that by having just 2 different Nazis they would have the option to keep control. Numerous individuals accept that Hitler took control forcibly in any case, in established truth, he was given it. Instructions to refer to Why Was Hitler Appointed Chancellor in January 1933, Essay models

Pros and cons of online shopping free essay sample

Assessing Arguments in Article Analysis Article 1 : Benefits Of Shopping Online Question 1 The issue that is being talked about will be about the advantages of web based shopping . The article is composed on seventh February 2009 by Mansi Citranshi . Today , the world is as of now at the tip of our fingers . We can do such a significant number of things by utilizing web .Online shopping is a type of electronic business where purchasers can straightforwardly purchase products or administrations from a merchant over the web access . We can pick an assortment of merchandise from everywhere throughout the world and brings out the physical similarity of purchasing items from a blocks and-mortar store . The creator is attempting to accentuate the splendid side of doing web based shopping these days . She expresses that in this recessionary stage , the economy was run down in this worldwide world , millions are influenced and masses are lacking in reserves . Masses are investigating the respectability of one stop internet shopping web now . We will compose a custom paper test on Upsides and downsides of web based shopping or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Hence , web based shopping is the most ideal approach to shop these days . Question 2 The article’s target group is more to youngsters and grown-ups . This is on the grounds that most of Internet client comprises from the scope old enough at 18-32 . This age like to utilize the Internet to utilize the Internet more as a device for data searches and purchasing items separated from utilizing the Internet generally for amusement and for speaking with loved ones . Along these lines , the creator are posting heaps of advantages of web based shopping with the goal that the age will change their shopping extremity from shopping in physical shopping complex to web based shopping . This likewise can convince people groups who ponder web based shopping to change their points of view . Question 3 Most proof that are introduced by the creator to help her contentions depend on her own understanding and perception on today’s shopping pattern . She puts all her perception and encounters to share about the online shopping’s masters . Web based shopping is something that is gainful for the individuals who needs to spare their time and fills . It likewise give a striking scope of items for everybody from everywhere throughout the world . After all you will feelâ comfortable to shop since you don't need to discover any parking space and be in packed spot. Question 4 The contention is finished. The writer give adequate clarification on what she’s expounding on . Web based shopping do give us many advantage in our every day life . It encourages us to shop inside a brief timeframe and remain in our usual range of familiarity . Anyway , I imagine that this creator somewhat one-sided . She just expressed the advantages of web based shopping without saying anything on the awful impact of internet shopping . Question 5 As an individual peruser , I do concur with the vast majority of the focuses that are expressed in the article . Life as a young person and understudy needs me to be sufficiently shrewd to shuffle my time with the goal that I can concentrate well and make an incredible most as an adolescent simultaneously . I truly love to shop yet now and again deficient time and cash become deterrents for myself . Along these lines , I discover that web based shopping is the best answer for all the shopaholics out there . The creator expressed that by doing web based shopping , we can look at the quality and costs from numerous site just by utilizing the Internet . This can assist me with making a spending plan and settle on a correct choice to buy any item which is the least expensive yet has the best quality . Other than that , I additionally can shop immediately from anyplace I am as long as there is Internet support and don't need to stayed with the group and line up a long queue just to pay fo r a solitary item .Do you understand that by web based shopping we can really assist with sparing the earth ? This is on the grounds that when we do internet shopping , simultaneously we are utilizing less paper to print out leaflets and lessening the fuel utilization . Question 6 From this article , I learn barely any new things about web based shopping that I didn't know before . I recently realized that the cost of items in web based shopping are less expensive than in physical store in light of the fact that the online store have less working and overhead expenses for their items . Besides , we additionally can set aside more cash by using the coupon codes that we have gathered . The more we shop with that site , the more coupon codes can be gathered and get more limits . Fascinating , right ? I truly appreciate perusing this article . It makes me progressively certain to shop on the web and turns down the entirety of my negative musings about internet shopping . Article 2 : What’s Wrong With Online Shopping Question 1 The issue that is being examined is about the impediments of web based shopping . The article is composed on fourth May 2010 by Brad Tuttle . Despite the fact that these days nearly everything should be possible by utilizing Internet , we despite everything should know with the awful sides of it . There are such a large number of things that we don't know occurring behind the scene . We just realize that web can make our life less difficult . The creator is disclosing to us the detriments of internet shopping . Behind the accommodation , there are numerous issues emerging as a result of it . There are value irregularity , coupons game and parts more . In this manner , we have to reconsider before make a request from online store . Question 2 The article’s target group is for those adolescents and grown-ups who are insane over web based shopping . This is so stressing since some of them have even gotten dependent into it . They feel like their day won't be finished on the off chance that they don't looking over the shopping site or buying something from them . Moreover of that , they don't understand that really their obligation or Visa utilization is nearly at the breaking point . This can prompt insolvency to those shopaholic . Question 3 Most proof that are introduced by the creator to help his contentions depend on his own understanding and furthermore a few realities from meeting and examinations done by Paco Underhill , the purchaser culture researcher of Why We Buy. Paco Underhill has talked about a wide range of internet shopping disappointment with the WSJ Digits blog . He is asking why the costs of the items are conflicting from the store and the site . This can prompt disappointment among the client when they get some answers concerning this . Underhill additionally had an analysis highlighted with WSJ Post to examine whether retail location would coordinate the costs of its online site and does their physical shop will acknowledge returns for items bought online . This is about client care consistency . Question 4 The contention is finished. The writer do give adequate clarification on what he’s expounding on . Realities and his own encounters make this article all the more intriguing . I likewise feels like he is anything but a one-sided author . Despite the fact that he is composing on the drawbacks of web based shopping , he despite everything concurred that web based shopping is a lot quicker instead of heading off to the physical shop . Other than web based shopping likewise should be possible 24 hours every day . Anyway , there are numerous detriments on it . Question 5 As an individual peruser , I do concur with the focuses in the article . We ought not confide in 100% with the internet shopping site . Be a shrewd customer and don't effectively being tricked by the things appeared in the site. We need to think about the cost appeared in the web with the cost appeared in their physical shop . Some organization put an alternate cost for an equivalent thing . This isn't reasonable and can make disarray to purchasers . Other than that , we additionally ought not be deceived with coupon games . Coupon code that have been gathered while we purchase online can be utilized to recover limits or unconditional present . Anyway , once in a while the code don't work for puzzling reasons . It is only a path utilized by the retailers to pull in clients to purchase their item by causing us to feel uncommon with an 'exclusive’ offer . Question 6 From this article , I learn hardly any new things about web based shopping that I didn't understood before . I become more acquainted with that web based shopping isn't really ok for us , particularly the adolescents . We are as yet youthful and at some point we don't reconsider before accomplishing something . We simply follow our hearts . I wager relatively few of us understand that the retail and online divisions of an organization is being dealt with by various individuals or gatherings . Some of the time they are more similar to contenders instead of a group in spite of the fact that they are utilizing a similar organization name . Other than that , as of late in NY Times , there is an issue about 'social tracking’ . The retailers are following our shopping action by utilizing web coupons to accumulate information on our shopping propensities. This is to become more acquainted with clients better and what is their shopping inclination . Don’t you feel unpleasant si nce you are being observed subtly by somebody we don't know ? I don't need that to transpire .

Oceanography Essay - 550 Words

Oceanography (Essay Sample) Content: OceanographyName:Instructor:Institution:29th August 2015.The composition of sea water is mainly a mixture of various kinds of slats and water itself. These salts include chlorine, magnesium, sodium, calcium, sulphur and potassium. The concentration of these salts in sea water varies depending on the region and portion of the sea taken, as a result of the changes in the volumes of water in different parts of the sea .However, the variations in salt concentrations is usually slight, that it generally assumes a constant. Chemically, chlorine makes up the largest percentage of salt in water, with 55%.Sea water, which is also salty water, constitutes the largest portion of the planet. There are various ways in which salty water can be made to be fresh, drinkable water. These include; reverse osmosis, distillation, electro dialysis, as well as vacuum freezing (Cooley, 2010).Reverse osmosis is a method that basically employs the basic principle of osmosis to desalinize water . In this process, there must be a semi permeable membrane. The salty water is put under immense pressure, which is aimed at ensuring that the clean, fresh water passes through the membrane, while the salt particles remain on the other side of the membrane. Basically, the reverse osmosis process of obtaining drinkable water from sea water is a reverse of the normal process of osmosis.The other method is called electro dialysis. As its name suggests, the method combines the use of electricity and electric conductors, or electrodes, to desalinize the water. The method consists of a tube, preferably made of plastic, which is filled with the water to be cleaned, the sea water. This plastic tube is made in such a way that it has got a small channel that has two diversions, the junction of which contains an electrode. When a current is passed through, say, 2 volts, there is a creation of an electric field; one negatively charged, and the other positive. The salts ions get attracted to the electrode, thereby leaving the water clean, and fresh (Brix, 2012).Reverse osmosis is practiced in various countries such as Australia, which employs the procedure in getting clean water from the ocean. The region around Perth is mostly dry and arid, while ironically, bordering the ocean, abundantly blessed with water. The region therefore uses reverse osmosis to harness clean, drinkable water from the salty ocean water. They use this water for other uses as well, such as watering some crops (UT Austin, 2015) .Electro dialysis is also being practiced in a number of countries. Considering it is a new practice, most pilot programs have already been carried out in countries like Singapore and Netherlands, and the results proved it to be very effective.Desalinization of sea water has got its own benefits as well as disadvantages. Among the benefits, is that it ensures water availability at any...

Inroduction To Companies Etisalat Lanka Business Essay - Free Essay Example

As a consultant of leading management consultancy I am going to do a brief research on the organizations and behavior section. To do this assignment I have selected two companies in the telecommunication industry. One is Etisalat Lanka PVT LTD which is based in Abu Dhabi and operating in 18 countries including Sri Lanka and second company is Lanka Bell Services PVT LTD which is operated only in Sri Lanka. So in this assignment I am going to discuss briefly in their organizations structure and culture areas, and also I am going to discuss about the current leadership styles of the companies. INRODUCTION TO COMPANIES Etisalat Lanka (PVT)(LTD) Sri Lankas first Cellular networks, then called Celltel inaugurated its operations in 1989. A brand name change was done on the 25th of January 2007 and thereafter named Tigo and this was transformed with Milicom disposing its Asian operations. They are now a company fully owned and operated by the giant Emirates Telecommunication Corporation in UAE. It has extended operations to Asian markets such as India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Indonesia and now Sri Lanka, recording over 100 million subscribers across 18 countries offering opportunities for synergy with their other operations in the region. Etisalat officially commenced its operations in Sri Lanka on the 25th of February 2010. Lanka bell limited Lanka Bell is a telecommunication operator that provides full range of telecommunication service to business and residential customers in Sri Lanka. With the recent introduction revolutionary low cost CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology, Lanka Bell continues to expand its robust modern digital network that currently specializes in internet, data and voice services. Lanka Bell was formed in 1997 as the single largest BOI Company in Sri Lanka. It was subsequently acquired by the privately held diversified conglomerate Milford Holdings (Private) Limited in 2005. Lanka Bell remains firmly rooted in Sri Lanka as a telecommunications giant that continues to challenge the industry through its unparalleled portfolio of services. SECTION 01 The organizations structure and culture Lanka Bell and Etisalat Etisalat and Lanka bell both are running in the telecommunication industry so most of the factors in the culture and structure are same. They both are using functional organizational structure 1.1 Organization structure of Lanka Bell Services (PVT) (LTD) Finance Director SalesMarkt. Board of Directors Chairman Managing Director Customer Service Depart. Technical Mang. HR Admin GM Technical Operation Assistant manager Senior manager General Manager -HR Marketing manager Business Analysis Manager HR Manager- Revenue Assurance DGM control /MIS Area Sales Managers Sales Executives HR Assistants Billing staff Director Internal accountant Director Manager- credit control Director Senior service executives Director Trainer GM IT teams Associates clerical Supervisors Director Customer care Executives Director Internal accountant Director Billing staff Director Organization structure of Etisalat Lanka (PVT) (LTD) 1.3 Organizations culture at Lanka bell and Etisalat There are many definitions for organizational culture but a popular and simple way of defining culture is how things are done around here A more detailed definition is : The collection of traditions, values, policies, beliefs, and attitudes that constitute a pervasive context for everything we do and think in an organization (Atkinson) There are four g types of culture such as: Power culture, Role culture, Task culture and person culture. As both companies are in the telecommunication industry and also both companies are larger companies in Sri Lanka they are following the Role culture. What is Role Culture? Role culture stereotyped as a bureaucracy and works by logic and rationality. Role culture rests on the strength of strong organizational pillars the functions of specialists in, for e.g.; finance, purchasing and production. The work of, and interaction between the pillars is controlled by procedures and rules and coordinated by the pediment of senior managers. Role or job description is more important than the individual and position is the main source of power. (Laurie J. Mullins 8th edition) So role culture is Common in most organizations today. In a role culture, organizations are split into various functions and each individual within the function is assigned a particular role. The role culture has the benefit of specialization. Employees focus on their particular role as assigned to them by their job description and this should increase productivity for the company. This culture is quite logical to organize in a large organization. Different dimensions of organizations culture in Etisalat and Lanka Bell Profit Orientation In Etisalat and Lanka Bell profit orientation is law because their main target is to give a best service to their customers, they are concerning highly on customer satisfaction and delight People Orientation People orientation is high in Etisalat because they are paying high salary to their staffs and they are also paying special incentives according to their performance, their working environment is very pleasant, they are organizing get to gather parties and motivational programs for their employees but in Lanka Bell People orientation is Law. Team Orientation Team Orientation is high in Etisalat because its employees prefer to work in groups rather in individuals to achieve their sales targets. So team orientation will lead the company to increase their sales. But in Lanka Bell team orientation is Low where their employees are prefer to work as individuals Innovation Innovation is high in Etisalat they are coming with new products quickly, they starts with prepaid connection, after that came with postpaid, launched 3G, broadband and they are going to launch Etisalat TV. But in Lanka Bell it is very low they are rely only in CDMA connection ] Mission statement of Etisalat Lanka PVT LTD To extend peoples reach. At Etisalat, we are actively developing advanced networks that will enable people to develop, to learn and to grow Vision statement of Etisalat Lanka PVT LTD A world where people reach is not limited by matter or distance. People will effortlessly move around the world, staying in touch with family, making new friends as they go, as well as developing new interests. Businesses of all sizes, no longer limited by distance, will be able to reach new markets. Innovative technologies will open up fresh opportunities across the globe, allowing the supply of new goods and services to everyone who wants them. Vision statement of Lanka Bell Be Sri Lankas premier next generation communication Information Technology solutions provider Mission statement of Lanka Bell To provide innovative next generation technological solutions by identifying and meeting customer needs better than any other industry player, while maximizing the growth of our business for the benefit if our stakeholders Impacts and relationships of two companies through their structure and culture Performance for two companies through their structure and culture How organizational theories underpins the practice of management The different approaches used by the management of both companies There many approaches used by the both companies those are : Human relations approach Systems approach Contingency approach Human Relations approach The main emphasis of the classical writers was on structure and the formal organization, but during the 1920,s the years of the great depression, greater attention began to be paid to the social factors at work and to the behavior of employees within an organization that is, to human relations. Human relations approach Emphasized importance of human attitudes, values and relationships for the efficient and effective functioning of work organizations. Systems approach The classical approach emphasized the technical requirement of the organizations and its needs-organizations without people the human relations approaches emphasized the psychological and social aspects, and the consideration of human- needs- people without organizations Attention is focus on the total work organization and the inter relationships of structure and behavior. Productivity is viewed as a function of the interplay among people, structure, and the environment. The organization is a complex social and technical open system that requires human, financial, and material resources. Contributions of Systems Approach To Management:- Under systems approach, managers have a good view of the organization.It gives importance to interdependence of the different parts of an organization and its environment. It foretastes consequences and plans actions. A system thinking warns managers against adopting piecemeal approach to the problem-solving Contingency Approach The contingency approach to organization developed as a reaction to the idea that there are universal principles for designing organizations, motivating staff etc. newer research suggested that different forms of organizational structure could be equally successful. (Class Notes) The contingency approach, which can be seen as an extension of the systems approach, highlights possible means of differentiating among alternative forms of the organization structures and systems of management. (Laurie J. Mullins 8th edition) The organizations structure must be matched to its environment to enhance performance. The optimal form of an organization is contingent on the circumstances faced by that organization including patients, third-party payers, regulators, and personnel. Section 02 Different leadership styles that Etisalat and Lanka Bell are following: Definition Leadership style is the way in which the functions of leadership are carried out, the way in which typically behaves towards members of the group. Both companies are using the Democratic style, and Laissez- faire (Genuine) style because of marketing growth and due to the size of the company, for which the autocratic style is not suitable to follow in the telecommunication industry. Democratic style is where the focus is more with the group as a whole, and there is greater interaction within the group. The leader ship functions are shared with the members of the group and the manager is more part of a team. Laissez- faire (Genuine) style is where the manager observes that members of the group are working well on their own. The manager consciously makes a decision to pass the focus of power to members, to allow them freedom of action to do as they think best, and not to interfere but is readily available if help is needed. There is often confusion over the style of leadershi p behavior. Analysis of different leadership styles and their effectiveness The democratic leader works with the group to help members to come to their own decisions, the Laissez- faire leader leaves the group alone to do whatever it wants. Both styles are good for both the companies, because there are number of teams, and departments, in both companies. Therefore the democratic style will suite certain departments and teams, when there is a situation where the team members are unable to make a good decision, compared to the Laissez- faire style which will be applicable to departments and teams who are able to make effective decisions rather than relying on the managers decisions. Effectiveness of Democratic Style Risk is low. Managers have experience in making effective decisions; therefore this reduces the risk of making bad or wrong choices. If the ideas are going to be open for everyone, then everyone needs to feel comfortable enough to put their ideas on the table. So there are lots of ideas will generated It takes advantage of the knowledge and expertise of individuals in different areas, for high quality, flexible decision making. Keeps staff informed about everything that affects their work and shares decision making and problem solving responsibilities. Staff likes the trust they receive and respond with cooperation, team spirit, and high morale increasing. Develops plans to help staff evaluate their own performance. Allows staff to establish goals Encourages staff to grow on the job and be promoted Effectiveness of Laissez- faire (Genuine) style The manager provides little or no direction and gives staff as much freedom as possible so it motivates employees. In the telecommunication sector there are lots of sales team so, those teams can do their own works to achieve their own goals, this will increase the sales All authority or power given to the staff and they determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. Employees are involved in decisions. This encourages motivation through greater interest and involvement so new ideas are generated. The free reign approach can prove an effective type of leadership when the team has achieved identity and cohesion, resulting in motivated and resourceful team members. In such situations, the sharing of authority and minimal direction empowers team members. Impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation of employees of Etislat and Lanka Bell when they face the technological breakthrough When there is a technological breakthrough that has taken place last week affecting the companies, and the industry as whole, a democratic style leader could consider the following actions to motivate the employees: Introducing the main goal of the given project Encourage team members to communicate openly, honestly and continuously Members should be made aware of the companys economical structure and growth to help them think and produce ideas that are more applicable to the company. Arranging a brainstorming session to collect new ideas to compete with the breakthrough. The ideas collected through the brainstorming session have to go through the new product development process in order to face the new technological breakthrough. Increasing the working hours, and pay the employees more for working overtime. Should produce special incentives according to their performance SECTION 03 3.1 DIFFERENT MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES FOR LANKA BELL Maslows hierarchy of need theory A useful starting point is the work of Maslow and his theory of individual development and motivation published originally in 1943. Maslows basic preposition is that people wanting beings. They always want more, and what they want depends on what they already have. He suggests that human needs are arranged in a series of levels, a hierarchy of importance. (Mullins, pg 257, 8th Ed. 2007). In this motivation theory Maslow has identified the human needs in five main levels. From at the lowest level physiological needs, through safety needs, love needs and esteem needs, to the need for self-actualization. 450px-Maslows_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg.png Image 01. Maslows hierarchy of need model Herzbergs two-factor theory The Two-factor theory (also known asÂÂ  Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theoryÂÂ  andÂÂ  Dual-Factor Theory) states that there are certain factors in theÂÂ  workplaceÂÂ  that causeÂÂ  job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Herzbergs original study consisted of interviews with 203 accounts and engineers, chosen because of their growing importance in the business world from different industries in the Pittsburgh area of America. He used the critical incident method. Subjects were asked to relate times when they felt exceptionally good or exceptionally bad about their present job or any previous jobs, they were asked to give reasons and a description of the sequence of events giving rise to that feeling. Responses to the interviews were generally consistent and revealed that there were two different sets of factors affecting motivation and work. This led to the two-factor theory of motivation and job satisfaction. (Mullin s, pg 261, 8th Ed. 2007). images.jpg Vrooms expectancy theory The model of motivation of Vrooms expectancy theory, particularly as it was extended by Porter and Lawler and supplemented by several other theories. Expectancy theory is a broad theory of motivation that attempts to explain the determinants of workplace attitudes and behaviors. The three major concepts underline expectancy theory are those of Valence, Instrumentality and Expectancy, which form VIE theory. Valance: Valance is a measure of the attraction a given outcome holds for an individual, or the satisfaction the person anticipates receiving from a particular outcome. Instrumentality: Instrumentality is a persons belief about the relationship between performing an action and experiencing an outcome. Determining peoples instrumentalities is important because their desire to perform a particular action is likely to be strong only when both valance and instrumentality are perceived as acceptably high. Expectancy: Expectancies are beliefs regarding the link between making an effort and actually performing well whereas knowledge about valances and instrumentalities tells us what an individual wants to do. We cannot know what the individual will try to do without knowing the persons expectancies. Conclusion Expectancy theory thus defines motivation in terms of desire and effort whereby the achievement of desired outcomes results from the interaction of valances, instrumentalities, and expectancies. Desire comes about only when both valance and instrumentality are high, and effort comes about only when all three are high. 4. Theory X and Theory Y of Douglas McGregor: McGregor, in his book The Human side of Enterprise states that people inside the organization can be managed in two ways. The first is basically negative, which falls under the category X and the other is basically positive, which falls under the category Y. After viewing the way in which the manager dealt with employees, McGregor concluded that a managers view of the nature of human beings is based Under the assumptions of theory X: Employees inherently do not like work and whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it. Because employees dislike work, they have to be forced, coerced or threatened with punishment to achieve goals. Employees avoid responsibilities and do not work fill formal directions are issued. Most workers place a greater importance on security over all other factors and display little ambition. In contrast under the assumptions of theory Y: Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as rest or play. People do exercise self-control and self-direction and if they are committed to those goals. Average human beings are willing to take responsibility and exercise imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving the problems of the organization. That the way the things are organized, the average human beings brainpower is only partly used. On analysis of the assumptions it can be detected that theory X assumes that lower-order needs dominate individuals and theory Y assumes that higher-order needs dominate individuals. An organization that is run on Theory X lines tends to be authoritarian in nature, the word authoritarian suggests such ideas as the power to enforce obedience and the right to command. In contrast Theory Y organizations can be described as participative, where the aims of the organization and of the individuals in it are integrated; individuals can achieve their own goals best by directing their efforts towards the success of the organization. However, this theory has been criticized widely for generalization of work and human behavior. SUITABLE MOTIVATIONAL THEORY FOR MANGERS AT LANKA BELL From the theories mentioned above it is understandable that managers need to pick one or two theories that are more applicable for their own company to work more effectively and generate higher numbers of positive outcomes Therefore based on this assignment manager of Lanka bell needs to pick out a suitable motivational theory in order to run the company with great success. Understanding the needs of Lanka bell it would be advisable that the manager should initially pick Herzbergs two-factor theory due to the following reasons. Why Herzbergs two-factor theory is important? And effectiveness of using Herzbergs two-factor theory Herzberg (1968) saw two basic needs of individuals, and he suggests two factors. The need to avoid unpleasantness, satisfied (temporarily, and in a rather negative way) by environmental factors The need for personal growth, satisfied at work only by motivating factors Environmental Factor or Hygiene factor In this factor Herzberg has explained about the working environment which is company policy and administration, Salary and job security, in this factor he mentioned the main needs of the employers. Motivator factor Motivator factors, on the other hand, create job satisfaction and can motivate an individual to superior performance and effort. These factors fulfill the individuals higher need for a sense of self-actualization or personal growth, and include: Status Advancement Gaining recognition Being given responsibility Challenging work Achievement Growth in the job Effectiveness of using Herzbergs two-factor theory Herzberg encouraged managers to study the job itself (nature of tasks, levels of responsibility) rather than conditions of work. Dissatisfaction arise from environment factors-satisfaction can only arise from the job. If there is sufficient challenge, scope and interest in the job, there will be a lasting increase in satisfaction and the employee will work well; productivity will be above normal levels. the extent to which the job must be challenging or creative in order to provide motivation will depend on each individual, his ability, his expectation and tolerance for delayed success. CONCLUTION

Significance Of The World War - 1912 Words

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The Ethical Treatment of Animals Essay - 539 Words

I believe in the ethical treatment for all animals is an ethical obligation by all humans. We have come to an era that we believe that all humans should be treated equally and fairly. Well, what about our other living, breathing counterparts? They deserve to live their life as they choose in quality and in the pursuit of happiness. Just as Europeans came and took over Northern Americas land and resources on the Indians. We have also taken over the land and resources from all of the animals. The moral point of view in the killing of animals for food as an indulgence which is not a necessity for our diet is killing another living being. 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Leadership Development Leadership And Decision Making...

Leadership development: Leadership development is an integral part of the Kappa experience and ensures that our members embrace the idea of women elevating women. Like Sacred Heart, our goal is to provide our members with leadership skills that will prepare them for their future endeavors. From day one, members are encouraged to explore leadership roles within their chapters, specifically through the chapter committee structure. Each member is assigned to a committee, creating a place for her to have a say in chapter operations. This is an opportunity for her to contribute to a positive chapter environment while developing leadership and decision-making skills. Committee involvement cultivates future chapter leaders. Kappa promotes and†¦show more content†¦The event is meant to cultivate leaders and leadership skills within the chapter. Another way we develop leaders within new chapters is to send a member from the new chapter to the Undergraduate Interfraternity Institute. 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Cause and Effect of Lying free essay sample

The Cause Effect Of Lying I believe that under no circumstances should lying be acceptable. I was raised and brought up in a household that didnt tolerate lying at all. I do -understand that people have their reasons, but lying always holds something negative. While lying might seem like an easy way out, it actually puts you in more trouble than you were in to begin with. It never solves the problem, it Just makes it worse. For some reason people believe that their lies will never come to the surface; and in some cases they dont.Consistently lying seems to be an easy way out for them. They continue to lie until their once small white lie turns into a huge uncontrollable mess. When this happens the truth arises, and you find yourself in ten times the amount of trouble you were in before trying to lie your way out. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect of Lying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People need to understand, for every action theres a reaction Each and every day, we make the same choice thousands of times whether to lie or tell the truth, and this often happens without us really thinking about it.When ou lie you have already put yourself in an unfavorable position, Should your lie be discovered you are in an even worse position then you were in before. Even the tiniest white lie can cost you money, impact your relationships, and affect your choices. For example, You told a lie to a friend which was seemingly miniscule, your friend on the other hand doesnt see the lie as something small and takes it seriously. As a result you lose the trust and approval of a close friend over something you see as small. Cause and Effect of Lying free essay sample I believe that under no circumstances should lying be acceptable. I was raised and brought up in a household that didnt tolerate lying at all. I do -understand that people have their reasons, but lying always holds something negative. While lying might seem like an easy way out, it actually puts you in more trouble than you were in to begin with. It never solves the problem, it just makes it worse. For some reason people believe that their lies will never come to the surface; and in some cases they dont. Consistently lying seems to be an easy way out for them. They continue to lie until their once small white lie turns into a huge uncontrollable mess. When this happens the truth arises, and you find yourself in ten times the amount of trouble you were in before trying to lie your way out. People need to understand, for every action theres a reaction Each and every day, we make the same choice thousands of times whether to lie or tell the truth, and this often happens without us really thinking about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect of Lying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you lie you have already put yourself in an unfavorable position, Should your lie be discovered you are in an even worse position then you were in before. Even the tiniest white lie can cost you money, impact your relationships, and affect your choices. For example, You told a lie to a friend which was seemingly miniscule, your friend on the other hand doesnt see the lie as something small and takes it seriously. As a result you lose the trust and approval of a close friend over something you see as small. Lying does not benefit in the end. Neverthaless we are human. We make complicated choices and decisions everyday that wear us down. We may come up with lies that seem necessary, but in the long run arent necessary at all. As i said before were only human, but when we make it a habit a problem arises. Do not lie out of politeness, or to preserve your own foolish pride or self esteem. You cant always tell the truth, but when you do, youll have a great piece of mind and a clear  conscience.

Australian Competition Consumer Commission †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Competition Consumer Commission? Answer: Introducation The ACCC took an action against TPG in the Federal Court of Australia alleging that the ads by TPG were confusing and false because the main headlines proposing less price of ADSL2+ service were different from the terms of offer. Further the advertisement was in contravention of s 53C(1)(c) of the Trade Practices Act 1974 as it did not specified a single price explicitly for its services (High Court of Australia 2013). The full high court concluded differently from the primary judge that except the first television all the advertisements were not misleading. Further the full court was of the view that in order to decide whether the advertisement was of misleading nature or not the dominant message was important. First, TPG's objective viewers did not comprise of possible buyers who aimed at buying a particular service dedicated on the motive of their buying. And also its advertisement created an interruption in the mind of the purchaser. Secondly, the Court failed to realize that the misleading nature of the advertisements had to be decided by examining whether the advertisements were appropriate to carry the possible buyer into negotiation with the company (TPG). I would suggest that the advertising campaign should explicitly provide the details of the internet services and also should clearly give an account of the extra charges that would be leviable as basic rent of the home telephone line and the minimum fee for the setup of the same (High Court of Australia 2013). References High Court of Australia 2013, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet PTY LTD. Available from: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/publications/judgment-summaries/2013/hca54-2013-12-12.pdf High Court of Australia 2013, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet PTY LTD. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/HCA/2013/54.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=title(Australian%20Competition%20and%20Consumer%20Commission%20and%20TPG%20Internet%20Pty%20)

Mother Is a Symbol of Secrifice Essay Example

Mother Is a Symbol of Secrifice Essay Mother is a Symbol of Sacrifice â€Å"The heart of a mother is a deep ocean at the bottom of which you will always find forgiveness. † A great saying A mother is a unique relation in humanity which has no replacement at all. No one can return for mother’s sacrifices. Nothing can come close to the love that a mother feels for her children. Mothers carry the young ones before they are born and then continue to nurture them throughout their childhood and even into adulthood. She takes the total responsibility to take care of the children. Mother’s job is not always an easy one. Just imagine about the human life cycle from conception to death. Who cares for a child, who worries until a child is back at home, who waits at the door if a child is late, who shows the right path, who speaks our language, how sacrifices at each and every point for the benefits of children? , it’s a great relation of a mother. Mothers make sure that their children are safe and happy throughout their childhood. It is hard to describe the feeling that a mother has towards her children. A mother puts her children before anything else, including their own comfort and happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Is a Symbol of Secrifice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Is a Symbol of Secrifice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Is a Symbol of Secrifice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Living at home is another name of awaking early morning, preparing food, washing clothes, cleaning home, teaching children, giving up own desires for the benefit of kids at each and every stage. Is this not a name of sacrifice? A mother is a backbone of family. Without a mother the home is homeless, life is dark and world is purposeless. A famous saying states that God could not be everywhere and so he invented mothers, these words are a great inspiration to mothers across the world but of course God is everywhere beyond our imagination and the great thing ‘God created a mother’. A mothers love is something that no one can explain, It is made of deep devotion and of sacrifice and pain, It is endless and unselfish. The one without a mother can only realize all this. A mother is a symbol of success. The great Saints are also born by a mother. No relation can compete with mother’s relation. Mother’s lap is a first school which teaches great discipline of life and produces a great people like Data Ali Hajvery and Hazrat Ghouse Ali Shah. As a reward of mother’s sacrifices, God has given the great place to a mother. Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) said, Paradise lies at the feet of mothers. Emphasizing that each of us should respect his/her mother and that pleasing them will make us successful in world hereafter. If someone wants real success in both worlds, than should respect, regard and love mother and don’t talk load. Once old women came to meet Mohamed (pbuh), he spread his sheet on ground in her respect. Followers inquired and Mohamed (pbuh) replied, she was my mother Haleema who gave me love, care and food from her breast. When mother of Prophet Moosa was died, God told him now to be careful while talking to me. Looking at a mother’s face with love and respect means performing a Hajji Akbar. This is the reward by a God to a mother’s sacrifices. Mother name is great. Will you hide the wrongs of some one? It’s only a mother who will always talk good for kids even though they are not good. She is the last to eat. It’s a mother who says a child, I miss you so much. I love you. You mean the world to me. Parents should be respected and revered throughout their lifetimes. The rights of a mother to be served and treated nicely is three times greater than that of the father because the mother bears the burden of the child during pregnancy, stands the pains of delivery, and then feeds the child from her breasts. All moms have one thing in common:    they make sacrifices to do what is best for their families. My mother is great, I love you mom very much. I pray from Almighty Allah, to give you great heath so that we can enjoy your shadow, guidance and love to enlighten our lives. Ameen. - Muhammad Tariq, Lecturer Fairview International School, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Email: [emailprotected] com, Mobile: 0060104279870

Compare Contrasta Essay Conclusion Sample

Compare Contrasta Essay Conclusion SampleIf you're looking for a sample of a data dump, then you should read my article and get a hold of a compare contraste essay conclusion sample. You can also use this to enhance your data dump. This is an effective tool that I use often when I'm writing a dissertation.In the first part of this article, I will give a description of the first sample of a data dump that I used in my previous dissertation. Then, I will show you how you can improve it.The sample I will use in this article is from a dataset extracted from a previous dissertation. The dataset is about US states and is collected in the form of Excel spreadsheets. It contains the county name, state name, and U.S. postal code. The address information is taken from the zip code and not from the street address.The most important part of the data dump is the table 'data.' It contains data on each state. This column contains every variable that is provided in the header row and the other colum ns are automatically generated values like county name, state name, etc.The second sample of a data dump I will use in this article is the second data which contains a single column, but it also contains two more columns. The first one contains the name of the state and the second one contains the name of the county.The second column contains the name of the state and the name of the county. If we want to know the name of the county, we can use the code that is given in the header row. The code for the state is the same as for the first column.The thirdsample of a data dump is the last one and this is used for the header row of the table. The code for the state is different than the code for the first column. You can see the code in the second column. So, in order to determine the name of the state, we need to combine the first column with the second column.The second sample of a data dump is the last one and here, we are going to use the code for the second column. This time, we wi ll use the number of the state. You need to add the state name to the value for the county name. You can use the code in the third column as well.

Biography on George Mason essays

Biography on George Mason essays "I ask you sir, who are the militia? They consist now of the whole people." Many delegates helped write the Constitution after the Articles of Confederation failed. When these men got together in 1787, with some of the nations most important men abroad and some unable to attend, they were looking only to help this nation have a promising future. Political men, like George Mason, took charge of the convention and gave their ideas to the rest of the delegates. George Mason did many good things for this country. In the following, I will take a look at the things Mason did for this country. George Mason was born to George and Ann Thomson Mason in 1725. At the age ten Masons father died. He was then sent to live with his uncle, John Mercer. Mason had no real education. He learned all he knew through his uncles 1500 volume library that consisted of a third of them being law books. He married Anne Eilbeck in 1750, and in 23 years of marriage they had five sons and four daughters. As one of the richest people in Virginia, George Mason was a very important figure in his community. In 1773 Mason wrote his first major paper that really started his political career. Mason also perused other political interests between the years of 1750 and 1779. One of these political interests was being justice of the Fairfax County court Virginia House of Burgesses. In 1776 Mason wrote the Virginias Declaration of Rights. This document served as the basis for many other colonies declarations. This piece of writing was also used as a guide line for the first part of the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution. Mason worked on many different legislative works from 1776 to 1780. In the early 1780s, Mason retired from political affairs because of his disgust of public affairs. Mason was appointed to the Annapolis convention in 1786, but he declined. Howev ...

Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment Experiment

Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment Experiment Introduction and Background Thanks to the wildly popular Judd Apatow hit â€Å"Knocked Up†, an alarming number of Americans believe that you can contract â€Å"pinkeye† (conjunctivitis) by farting into your pillow. Contrary to popular belief, simply passing gas is not enough to spread conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is categorized by the redness or swelling of the conjunctiva – the membrane that lines the eyelid and eye surface. This membrane is typically clear but when it is infected, it becomes red or pink and swells – thus, the common name â€Å"pinkeye† since the infected eye literally appears to be pink. 10 Common symptoms associated with conjunctivitis include eye redness (hyperemia), swollen or red eye lids, an excess of tearing, a burning or itching feeling in the eye, sensitivity to light (photophobia) and drainage from the eye. Conjunctivitis is common but not typically considered threatening – as it can disappear on its own in 7 to 10 days. However, particular strains of bacterial conjunctivitis – namely those caused by the sexually transmitted infections gonorrhea or Chlamydia – can very harmful.9 Most cases of conjunctivitis are caused by viruses or bacteria. However, dry eyes caused by lack of tears or over exposure to wind and sun, chemicals, fumes or smoke (known as chemical conjunctivitis) and allergies are also common culprits. The viral and bacterial forms of conjunctivitis are the contagious forms and subsequently, the most common. The majority of cases are caused by adenoviruses and can be attributed to poor hygiene (i.e. not washing your hands after using the restroom or poor care of contact lenses).10 Since there is no medication available to treat the viral form of conjunctivitis, patients are advised to avoid contact with others until symptoms begin to improve – which typically lasts three to five days. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be treated with a wide variety of antibioti cs including Levofloxacin, Vigamox Opht (Vigamox), Azasite Opht (Azasite) and Polymyxin B Sul-Trimethoprim Opht (Polytrim).5 Patients may return to usual activities such as work and school 24 hours after taking their first does of the prescribed antibiotic. To test and diagnose conjunctivitis, your primary care physician or optometrist can take a sample of eye secretions from the conjunctiva and send the sample to a laboratory for analysis. To prevent the spread of conjunctivitis – bacterial or viral – patients are advised to wash their hands often, to avoid sharing any form of eye make-up, to replace contacts with eye glasses if available and to wash all bed linens, pillowcases and towels with hot water and detergent. Bacterial Conjunctivitis Bacterial conjunctivitis is relatively less common than viral conjunctivitis, especially in adults.3 and essentially, despite having clinically suggestive signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis, the diagnosis can be incor rect in approximately 50% of cases. Further, bacteria that reside among the normal ocular flora can result in â€Å"false positives† when microbiologic tests are performed.3 This makes treatment of this form of conjunctivitis difficult. In fact, according to multiple studies, general practitioners are unable to determine whether conjunctivitis is bacterial or viral and therefore resort to prescribing antibiotics regardless. According to an article published in BMJ, when confronted with acute infectious conjunctivitis, most general practitioners feel unable to discriminate between a bacterial and a viral cause. In practice, more than 80% of such patients receive antibiotics.  Hence, in cases of acute infectious conjunctivitis, many unnecessary ocular antibiotics are prescribed.4 In 2001 in the Netherlands; more than 900,000 prescriptions for topical ocular antibiotics were issued, at a cost of  £8.85 million ($10.9 million). In England 3.4 million community prescriptions f or these antibiotics are issued each year, at a cost to the NHS of  £4.7 million ($7.1 million, $8.7 million).4

A Reaction to the Article Are Poor People Responsible for Their Own Essay - 4

A Reaction to the Article Are Poor People Responsible for Their Own Poverty - Essay Example Larzelere argues â€Å"Being poor was not a choice, it was a condition brought about by the people in power.† Upon examining the substance of their individual arguments at depth, I feel disposed to prefer the side that acknowledges the truth of poverty as perceived in reality where in general, due to a number of factors that influence our state of the economy, we may not plainly put the blame on the poor. Even if the poor may, to a certain extent, be observed weak in the ability to improve themselves in terms of economy, we ought to understand that they do not merely struggle with the financial aspect of living. Poor people find it difficult to gain inspiration from a depressed environment they dwell in for evidently, the strong presence of vices, crimes, violence, and other elements that threaten to ruin or degrade the quality of life in a society bears negative impact in their attitude toward personal growth. Moreover, we may not have them take the sole accountability of neg lecting to live with decent income and shelter for most of them are either those uneducated or those who receive but an inadequate amount of formal learning so that they barely have a proper way of determining suitable professional careers or of simply employing themselves to be resourceful and persevering in finding work that matches one’s set of skills. Jensen accuses the poor of being lazy, irresponsible, and unable to handle money and the tasks of every day yet on suggesting to remedy this situation â€Å"By developing work ethics and feeling some sense of pride and ownership of the money†, we may with high-pitched voice collectively ask, in return, how? How are these less fortunate citizens able to manage at least knowing what ‘work ethics’ is about if they do not have work in the first place and how can they be proud of monetary possession if the little money they have is immediately spent on basic necessities and nothing remains to be saved for the comfort of future living? Larzelere appears as rather one-sided in suspecting ‘people in power’ when it comes to the matter of significant control over the poor which keeps the latter from advancing to a higher level of self-net worth. I agree, however, to the writer’s biased stand because, in view of the actual occurrences, it seems more reasonable to catch red-handed those who are corrupt in their acquisition of considerable wages with tax anomalies than those who are paying taxes delinquently on the ground of working in an irregular basis.  

Chapter 4, 5 assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 4, 5 - Assignment Example The techniques used for this model are simple series moving averages and weighted moving averages where data from past periods are summed and divided by the number of time periods. The only difference between simple and weighted moving averages fall on more weights being placed on more recent data for the latter technique. Finally, the cause and effect model assumes that factors are related to demand and that relationships between cause and effect are used to estimate future demands. Techniques for this model are simple and multiple regressions where distinguishing factor depends on the number of variables. For simple, there is only one variable; while for multiple, the demand is dependent on more than one variable. The appropriate forecasting technique or model considers varying factors, to wit: current situation, time and funds available, and accuracy of the technique. As initially proffered, the judgmental approach is most appropriate for the introduction of new product were no historical data is available. For example, a global organization seeking to expand in a new market, with no previous experience, could use judgmental forecasting. Should the organization opt to conduct a survey to establish the possible demand for a new product, the company must consider time, money and efforts for doing so. Another forecasting issue is determining the accuracy of the forecast. For the analog technique, the company requires using a similar product or service to project the future demand of their own product. For example, a company planning to market bottled water uses the performance of a competitive product of the same qualities to establish demand. Some factors could be similar but the company must consider location of the target market, as well as other environmental factors that could influence demand. The following product characteristics influence packaging and materials handling: physical characteristics,

Alcoholics Should NOT Be Eligible to Receive Organ Transplants Essay

In modern medicine, we have the ability to transplant organs from one person to another, with the hopes that this will greatly improve the length and quality of life for the patient receiving the transplant. Ten years ago, there were 53,167 people on the transplant list. By the beginning of 2015, the list increased to over 123,000 people waiting for that miracle call stating that they found a match and the transplant can now happen. One reason for the increase in people on the list is that people in the age group between 50-70 years old are now considered to be viable candidates for transplant due to medical advances. However, by December, 2014, twenty-one people were dying each day while waiting for a transplant. (Benjamin Samstein, 2015) This brings us to a question, should an alcoholic who had previously been lucky enough to have a liver transplant, be allowed to get another liver transplant after he let his alcoholism ruin another liver? When someone is in need of a transplant, there are several factors that are looked at in deciding whether or not the patient will be placed on the transplant list. Patients receive points for medical need, tissue type and time on the waiting list. Doctors then use a computer algorithm to decide who gets the organs available. Typically, one’s overall health, age, ability to comply with the regimen of anti-rejection drugs and a strong support system also comes into the decision process as well. Geographical location of the donor organ is also very important in the decision making process. (Whitford, 2005) Due to the shortage of organs, not all on the list get the organs they need. If people would get past their fears with regards to stem cell research, we could grow perfectly viable h... ...n to respect our bodies as the temples that they are. Use the medicine for when things happen that we can not control, not for when we lose control. Works Cited Abhinandana Anantharaju, M. D. (n.d.). Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Liver disease. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. www.pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publicationarh27-3/257-269.htm Benjamin Samstein, M. (2015). Bottom Line's Daily health news. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. www.botomlinesecrets.com/articvle.html?article_id=48034 Kluge, E. (2004). Ethics of Organ Transplantation. Canadian Medcial Association Journal . Perry, D. D. Ethical Conmsideration in organ transplants. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. home.eathlink.net/~davidlperry/organs.htm. Whitford, B. (2005, 11 28). Who gets the organs. Newsweek. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. www.newsweek.com/2005/11/27/who-gets-the-organs.html

An Analysis Of Water Distillation Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is a tasteless, odorless, and about colorless ( it has a little intimation of blue ) substance in its pure signifier that is indispensable to all known signifiers of life and is known besides as the most cosmopolitan dissolver. Water is an abundant substance on Earth. It exists in many topographic points and signifiers. It appears largely in the oceans and polar ice caps, but besides as clouds, rain H2O, rivers, fresh water aquifers, and sea ice. On the planet, H2O is continuously traveling through the rhythm affecting vaporization, precipitation, and overflow to the sea. Water tantrum for human ingestion is called drinkable H2O. This natural resource is going scarcer in certain topographic points as human population in those topographic points additions, and its handiness is a major societal and economic concern. 2.2. DISTILLED Water Distilled H2O is purified H2O which is prepared by the procedure of distillment. In this procedure, H2O is heated till it is converted to steam or vapor, dividing all the present drosss. The vapour obtained is condensed back to its liquid signifier and is known as distilled H2O. .Fig-3-Making-Distilled-Water-in-the-Laboratory Properties of Distilled H2O: Because of its comparative pureness, some of the belongingss of distilled H2O are significantly different from those of the H2O most people consume and use in mundane life. A potentially unsafe belongings of distilled H2O is that it can be heated above its boiling point without demoing the normal features of boiling, called superheating. When the superheated H2O is disturbed or has drosss added to it, a sudden, explosive furuncle occurs, perchance doing serious hurt to anyone near it. Temperature 00 C Density ( & A ; Atilde ; -1000 Kg/m3 ) 1 Viscosity 1.79 x 10-3 Kinematic Viscosity 1.79 x 10-6 Surface tenseness ( N/m ) 7.56 x 10-6 Bulk modulus 1.99 Preparation of Distilled Water: The quality or status and pureness of distilled H2O depends the three chief factors: The H2O The setup used for distillment The method employed. The chief trouble in transporting out the operation of condensing the H2O on an extended graduated table is the subsequent chilling and the cost of distilling. Water: A pure good or spring-water, filtered, is the best to fix distilled H2O from. Rain-water, being by and large good loaded with organic affair and ammonium hydroxide, would interfere with the pureness of the distillation. Boiled H2O can be used for distillment. Boiling would drive off about the last hint of ammonium hydroxide. Odorous, colored or cloudy H2O furnishes an impure distillation that might even acquire a charred gustatory sensation if distilled over a free fire. Ammonia is found particularly in the first parts of the distillation. Distillation setup: Early distillment equipment was really simple in design: a pot of undrinkable H2O ( or H2O unfit for a ceremonial, commercial, or medical intent ) would be heated over an unfastened fire until it boiled, organizing steam. The steam would so distill on a cool surface suspended above the pot. The condensed H2O droplets would so run off into a storage container for future usage. dist-fg1 Alternatively, sponges could be suspended above the pot to roll up the treated H2O. While such systems were comparatively inefficient, it tended to be rather equal for the limited H2O intervention demands of the clip. The efficiency of the distillment procedure began to see betterments as distillment was adapted to commercially polish many different liquids such as intoxicant, aroma, crude oil, and assorted dissolvers. Finally, population demands have strained H2O resources in the twentieth century to the point where expeditiously handling otherwise undrinkable beginnings of H2O for human ingestion is progressively of import. fig11-1 Principle of Distillation: The procedure of condensing H2O is a method of purification affecting heat. Water has comparatively lower boiling point than the bulk of drosss, such as minerals. By maintaining the heat at a consistent temperature, the H2O vaporizes and is separated from the unsought elements. The stairss involved in distillment of H2O are: Heating of H2O Separation of H2O vapour from drosss Condensation of the H2O vapour The unwanted elements include minerals and salts, which remain in the container after the H2O evaporates, are collected and discarded. Typically the distillment procedure is repeated at least one more clip to thoroughly purify the H2O. 2.3. TYPES OF Distillation There are two types of distillment Household distillment Commercial distillment Household distillment: Single-effect distillers: The most common type of family and commercial distiller available is a basic, single-effect distiller. These distillers can be either batch distillers, where a mensural measure of H2O is manually poured in, distilled, and collected ; or plumbed distillers that automatically treat and maintain a changeless supply of imbibing H2O. Working: In a single-effect distiller, a warming component heats the H2O until it boils and finally becomes steam. The steam is so drawn off from the boiling chamber, where it cools ; distilling into extremely treated distilled H2O. The contaminations in the original H2O are left behind in the boiling chamber. The condensation procedure is accomplished by utilizing air or H2O to chill the steam. Water droplets condense on the interior of the conic dome, and run down for aggregation in a trickle pan. With some water-cooled systems, a part of the heat lost as the steam is cooled and condensed can be reclaimed by imparting the heated chilling H2O into the boiling chamber. It is so replaced with fresh, cool H2O. braunschweig_05 Advantages of Single-effect distillers: Simple in design, cheap, and effectual. They are less efficient in energy usage Relatively compact counter top or stand-alone units for usage in the kitchen or office. Disadvantages: Even though the distillment procedure is effectual, pesticides and contaminations like volatile organic compounds convert into vapor readily, and can go with the steam our of the boiling chamber. Care of distillment unit: Distillation units do necessitate some care, which normally involves run outing off the concentrated deposit and other contaminations that accumulate at the underside of the boiling chamber. The walls of the chamber may besides necessitate to be cleaned of hard-water graduated table and other deposit that can roll up. The needed sum of cleaning depends greatly upon the initial quality of H2O used. Very difficult H2O can bring forth heavy grading in a comparatively short period of clip. If soft H2O is used, cleaning troubles should be minimum. The C pre- and post-filters must be changed sporadically every bit good. Commercial distillment: Commercial distillment units provide distilled H2O for industries and distilleries. They provide from few to 1000000s of gallons of distilled H2O per twenty-four hours. The two chief types of commercial distillers are: Multiple Effect distiller Vapor-compression distiller Multiple Effect distillers: Multiple Effect distillers provide from 75 to 1000000s of gallons per twenty-four hours. These units typically contain a figure of boiling Chamberss, with the first chamber being under increased force per unit area, and consecutive Chamberss holding increasingly diminishing force per unit area. The steam created in the first hard-hitting chamber is superheated. The superheated steam moves through tubings environing each of the wining boiling Chamberss As the steam moves it besides vaporizes some of the lower-pressure H2O in each chamber. The vapour is so condensed into distilled H2O, as is the superheated steam when all of its heat energy is exchanged. Vapor-compression distiller: A fluctuation of the multiple-effect distiller construct is the vapor-compression distiller, which is typically used in commercial applications necessitating between 25 and 5000 gallons per twenty-four hours. Vapor-compression H2O distillers besides use high-pressure, superheated steam to boil H2O ; nevertheless, they merely use a individual chamber. The H2O in the boiling chamber is ab initio converted to steam at normal force per unit areas and temperatures by an electric or gas warming component. The steam so passes through an electric compressor ; the compaction causes it to go superheated. The superheated steam is so directed through tubings back into the boiling chamber, where it finally takes over the boiling procedure, distilling into distilled H2O as the heat transportation occurs. Both multi-stage and vapor-compression distillers can integrate assorted signifiers of filtration to do a loosely effectual intervention system. These systems can supply H2O for such utilizations as commercial H2O bottling. Both systems besides require H2O that is softened to be practical, to forestall enfeebling scaling with attendant heat transportation losingss and care costs. At the municipal degree, both multi-stage and vapor-compression distillment can supply big measures of distilled H2O for imbibing usage, and are particularly used in condensing saltwater for usage in waterless countries adjacent to the oceans. Uses of distilled H2O: Used in chemical workss where an exact quality of H2O is required, such as for make fulling up wet-cell batteries, development of photographic movies, steam ironing Used to fix endovenous solution fabrication and dilution. Its usage is besides recommended while doing baby nutrients because babes are really sensitive to H2O borne diseases. It is used in assorted industries and chemical and biological research labs where extremely purified H2O is indispensable. Sometimes, in instances where an exceptionally high grade of purified H2O is required, dual distilled H2O is used. It is used as coolant in atomic powered ships. Here, saltwater is desalinated through the procedure of distillment. This H2O is besides used by the crews of the ships for imbibing. It is used for doing assorted drinks by many drink makers to determine a high quality merchandise in footings of both gustatory sensation every bit good as pureness. Lead acid batteries used in vehicles like autos and trucks require a top-up of H2O at regular intervals of clip. Presence of assorted ions in field tap H2O can do harm to the battery and lead to decrease in its lifetime. It is frequently preferred to tap H2O in automotive chilling systems excessively. This is because the ions and minerals present in tap H2O are normally caustic in nature and tend to pass over out the anti-corrosive additives present in the radiator. It is first-class for tegument as it is barren of any harmful dissolved substances, and helps in barricading of microscopic pores on facial tegument. It is used during surgical processs where clean H2O is a must to forestall any sort of infection. For the really same ground, it is besides used to rinse and clean lesions. 2.3. Storage Distillation does non vouch the absence of bacteriums in imbibing H2O, unless the reservoir and/or bottle are sterilized before being filled, and one time the bottle has been opened, there is a hazard of presence of bacteriums. Further if the distilled H2O is non stored in a proper mode it will absorb elements from the ambiance like C dioxide etc. Besides the stuff in which the distilled H2O is stored must be taken attention and the most preferred stuff is glass as it has had several centuries of proving for the storage of distilled H2O for which the result has been positive. There are assorted storage containers besides available for the storage of distilled H2O.